Here is the only solution I found for this one:

First, create const:

const MY_DATE_FORMATS = {

   parse: {

       dateInput: {month: 'short', year: 'numeric', day: 'numeric'}

   },

   display: {

       // dateInput: { month: 'short', year: 'numeric', day: 'numeric' },

       dateInput: 'input',

       monthYearLabel: {year: 'numeric', month: 'short'},

       dateA11yLabel: {year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric'},

       monthYearA11yLabel: {year: 'numeric', month: 'long'},

   }

};

Then you have to extend NativeDateADapter:

export class MyDateAdapter extends NativeDateAdapter {

   format(date: Date, displayFormat: Object): string {

       if (displayFormat == input) {

           let day = date.getDate();

           let month = date.getMonth() + 1;

           let year = date.getFullYear();

           return this._to2digit(day) + '/' + this._to2digit(month) + '/' + year;

       } else {

           return date.toDateString();

       }

   }



   private _to2digit(n: number) {

       return ('00' + n).slice(-2);

   } 

}

In format function, you can choose whatever format you want

And the last step, you have to add it into module providers:

providers: [

    {provide: DateAdapter, useClass: MyDateAdapter},

    {provide: MD_DATE_FORMATS, useValue: MY_DATE_FORMATS},

],

And that's it. I can not believe that there is no some easy way to change date format through the @Input but let's hope it will be implemented in some future version of material 2 (currently beta 6).