You could try with the filter function:

var select = new ol.interaction.Select({

    condition:  ...,

    filter: function(feature, layer){

        console.info(feature);

        console.info(layer.get('name'));

    }

});

UPDATE

I came up with this prototypied method, it does the job:

http://jsfiddle.net/jonataswalker/r242y7ke/

/**

 * This is a workaround.

 * Returns the associated layer.

 * @param {ol.Map} map.

 * @return {ol.layer.Vector} Layer.

 */

ol.Feature.prototype.getLayer = function(map) {

    var this_ = this, layer_, layersToLookFor = [];

    /**

     * Populates array layersToLookFor with only

     * layers that have features

     */

    var check = function(layer){

        var source = layer.getSource();

        if(source instanceof ol.source.Vector){

            var features = source.getFeatures();

            if(features.length > 0){

                layersToLookFor.push({

                    layer: layer,

                    features: features

                });

            }

        }

    };

    //loop through map layers

    map.getLayers().forEach(function(layer){

        if (layer instanceof ol.layer.Group) {

            layer.getLayers().forEach(check);

        } else {

            check(layer);

        }

    });

    layersToLookFor.forEach(function(obj){

        var found = obj.features.some(function(feature){

            return this_ === feature;

        });

        if(found){

            //this is the layer we want

            layer_ = obj.layer;

        }

    });

    return layer_;

};



select.on('select', function(evt){

    var feature = evt.selected[0];

    if(feature){

        var layer = feature.getLayer(map);



        console.info(layer.getStyle());

        console.info(layer.get('name'));

    }

});