Update: I moved the signing functionality from the example code below into the aws-cloudfront-sign package on NPM. That way you can just require this package and call getSignedUrl().

After some further investigation I found a solution which is sort of a combo between this answer and a method I found in the Boto library. It is true that S3 URL signatures are handled differently than CloudFront URL signatures. If you just need to sign an S3 link then the example code in my initial question will work just fine for you. However, it gets a little more complicated if you want to generate signed URLs which utilize your CloudFront distribution. This is because CloudFront URL signatures are not currently supported in the AWS SDK so you have to create the signature on your own. In case you also need to do this, here are basic steps. I'll assume you already have an S3 bucket setup:

Configure CloudFront

1. Create a CloudFront distribution


2. Configure your origin with the following settings
   
   
   
   • Origin Domain Name: {your-s3-bucket}
   
   
   • Restrict Bucket Access: Yes
   
   
   • Grant Read Permissions on Bucket: Yes, Update Bucket Policy
   
   
   
   


3. Create CloudFront Key Pair. Should be able to do this here.

Create Signed CloudFront URL

To great a signed CloudFront URL you just need to sign your policy using RSA-SHA1 and include it as a query param. You can find more on custom policies here but I've included a basic one in the sample code below that should get you up and running. The sample code is for Node.js but the process could be applied to any language.

var crypto = require('crypto')

  , fs = require('fs')

  , util = require('util')

  , moment = require('moment')

  , urlParse = require('url')

  , cloudfrontAccessKey = '<your-cloudfront-public-key>'

  , expiration = moment().add('seconds', 30)  // epoch-expiration-time



// Define your policy.

var policy = {

   'Statement': [{

      'Resource': 'http://<your-cloudfront-domain-name>/path/to/object',

      'Condition': {

         'DateLessThan': {'AWS:EpochTime': '<epoch-expiration-time>'},

      }

   }]

}



// Now that you have your policy defined you can sign it like this:

var sign = crypto.createSign('RSA-SHA1')

  , pem = fs.readFileSync('<path-to-cloudfront-private-key>') 

  , key = pem.toString('ascii')



sign.update(JSON.stringify(policy))

var signature = sign.sign(key, 'base64')



// Finally, you build the URL with all of the required query params:

var url = {

  host: '<your-cloudfront-domain-name>',

  protocol: 'http',

  pathname: '<path-to-s3-object>'

}    

var params = {

  'Key-Pair-Id=' + cloudfrontAccessKey,

  'Expires=' + expiration,

  'Signature=' + signature

}

var signedUrl = util.format('%s?%s', urlParse.format(url), params.join('&'))



return signedUrl